Biotechnology
The Union of Concerned Scientists does not support or oppose genetic engineering per se. With respect to some applications, such as the production of pharmaceuticals by genetically engineered bacteria, the benefits are clear and compelling. In the food system, however, we find the risk-benefit calculus more difficult. For example, while it is possible that the planting of genetically engineered crops might reduce some pesticide use over the short term, it is also possible that a new breed of super-resistant weeds will develop, compounding the already difficult task of controlling invasive species. Because the technology is new, data from field research are scarce. Thus, there is little certainty about either the risks or the benefits from many of the agricultural biotechnology products now entering the marketplace. (For a comprehensive assessment of the current state of research, see "The Ecological Risks and Benefits of Genetically Engineered Plants," Science, 15 December 2000.) And yet, the technology is being commercialized at a rapid pace and on a large scale. We believe that the federal government must strengthen the regulatory system governing genetically engineered microorganisms, plants, and animals, so that the risks and benefits can be evaluated carefully, case by case, before they come to market. That is the fundamental goal of our program on Food and the Environment, and we are working hard to achieve it. We also believe that we need better opportunities for civil society to debate the appropriateness of agricultural biotechnology and direct its course. Regulatory programs provide one such opportunity; food labeling represents another. Not only do consumers have the right to know what they are eating, but with labeling they can use purchasing decisions to influence the extent to which producers rely on the technology. Until much more is known about the risks and benefits, this is clearly a prudent course. Furthermore, we believe in asking whether genetic engineering will enhance or detract from a broader effort that is needed to reduce the harm to our environment caused by modern agriculture. In particular, we believe practices that move agriculture toward greater biological diversity, fewer chemical inputs, and better designed agroecosystems deserve greater attention and more research support. Genetic engineering raises complex and difficult issues. UCS has an important role to play in helping the public to understand what is known and not known. For additional information, click here.
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